Resistance of galvanometer by half deflection method
Experiment to determine galvanometer resistance using the half deflection method in the apparatus theory and the viva half deflection method. Apparatus A low-resistance galvanometer, a cell, two resistance boxes, two one-way plug keys, connecting wires, and sandpaper are required. These items are used to perform the Resistance of a galvanometer by half half-deflection method. […]
Study of the Magnetic Field of the Axis of a Current Coil
To study the variation of magnetic field strength along the axis of a current-carrying circular coil using a tangent galvanometer and magnetometer. Apparatus Stewart and Gee’s type galvanometer, battery, ammeter, rheostat, one-way plug key, reversing key, connecting wires, and sandpaper. Description of Stewart and Gee’s Tangent Galvanometer This apparatus consists of a circular coil made […]
Relation of current and potential in tungsten filament
An experiment studies current vs. potential across a tungsten filament, showing deviation from Ohm’s law as resistance increases with temperature. Apparatus Battery (12V), tungsten lamp (12V, 25W), rheostat, voltmeter, ammeter, key, connecting wires, and sandpaper. Theory According to Ohm’s law, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided […]
Determine the emf of a cell using a potentiometer
Experiment to determine the emf of a cell using a potentiometer, including apparatus, theory, procedure, precautions, and viva questions with answers. Apparatus Potentiometer, 3-volt battery, Leclanché cell, galvanometer, rheostat, one-way key, two-way key, voltmeter, connecting wires, and sandpaper. Theory A potentiometer works on the principle that the potential difference across a uniform wire is directly […]
Study the resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature
To observe how the resistance of a thermistor changes with temperature using a voltmeter, ammeter, thermometer, and a heating setup. Apparatus Thermistor, beaker, tripod stand, boiling tube with paraffin, spirit lamp, thermometer, voltmeter, ammeter, power supply, and connecting wires. Theory A thermistor is a semiconductor that changes its resistance with temperature. It has a negative […]
Study photo electric current variation with light intensity
Experiment to study how photoelectric current varies with light intensity using a photocell, lamp, galvanometer, and battery, based on the photoelectric effect. Apparatus Photocell, battery, key, micro-ammeter or galvanometer, electric lamp, ruler, and connecting wires. Theory A photocell makes an electric current when light falls on it.It has two main parts: A cathode that gives […]
Construction of a burglar alarm using a “NOT” gate.
A burglar alarm circuit uses a NOT gate and a thermistor to detect fire. When the temperature increases, the thermistor’s resistance changes. As a result, the circuit turns on a buzzer to give an alert. This simple project shows how logic gates can be used in fire detection and safety systems. Apparatus NOT gate Thermistor […]
Construction of a burglar alarm using an “NAND” gate.
A burglar alarm using a NAND gate and an LDR detects light. In the dark, input is high, but when light falls, resistance drops and the buzzer starts. Apparatus CRP123 power supply (6V), variable resistor (100k), NAND gate, buzzer, and breadboard. Theory A NAND gate is a combination of an AND gate followed by […]
Verified the truth table for the “NOT” Gate.
The NOT gate, built using an NPN transistor, inverts input signals. The circuit verifies the truth table by showing the LED ON for 0 input and OFF for 1 input. Apparatus An NPN transistor (BC547A), two resistors (1–2 kΩ and 20–30 kΩ), a DC power supply (SV), connecting wires, a two-way key, an LED, and […]
Verification of the truth table for the ‘OR” Gate.
Verification of the OR gate truth table using diodes, resistors, LEDs, and a supply shows output high if any input is high, with procedure and precautions. Apparatus Two semiconductor diodes (SD-1) Power supply (5 V) 4.7 kΩ resistor LED (indicator) Two two-way (SPDT) keys Breadboard and connecting wires Theory An OR gate is a logic […]