Photoelectric current variation with light intensity
Experiment to study the variation of photoelectric current with light intensity using a photocell, galvanometer, and lamp, verifying the inverse square law of l, light. Apparatus Photocell, sensitive galvanometer, battery, rheostat, key, electric bulb (preferably a point-type lamp), suitable case for the bulb and photocell, and connecting wires. Theory Light intensity is the amount […]
Study conservation of momentum in elastic collision.
This experiment shows conservation of momentum in elastic collisions using trolleys on a track, verifying momentum before and after the collision. APPARATUS: Friction-compensated track, two trolleys, ticker timer with double tape, meter rode, stopwatch, stroboscopic disc. PROCEDURE: OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION: Frequency of the ticker timer = f = …dots/sec. BEFORE COLLISION: No. of obs. Mass […]
Determination of g using a vertical mass-spring system
Experiment to determine acceleration due to gravity (g) using a vertical mass-spring system by measuring displacement and vibration time periods. APPARATUS: Soft slinky helical spring, pointer with two holes, slotted weight set, tall iron stand fitted with cm. scale and spring suspending support, stop watch. PROCEDURE: OBSERVATIONS: No of Obs. Initial position of the pointer […]
Find the unknown weight using the vector addition method.
Experiment to find unknown weight using vector addition of forces with Gravesand’s apparatus, applying equilibrium conditions and rectangular components. Apparatus Gravesand’s apparatus, two slotted weights with hangers, a plane mirror strip, thread, drawing pins, plain paper, a protractor, and a body of unknown weight. Concepts to Remember Vectors Vectors are physical quantities that have both […]
Determine the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer.
Experiment to measure the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer by comparing EMF and terminal voltage, applying the equilibrium and resistance relation. Apparatus Potentiometer Battery Ammeter Resistance box Rheostat Two keys Galvanometer Given cell Shunt wire and connecting wires Theory A potentiometer is a precise device used to measure or compare electrical potentials […]
Find g by free fall using an electronic timer.
Experiment to accurately determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using the free-fall method with a precise electronic timer and timing apparatus. Apparatus Electronic free-fall apparatus (solenoid, gate switch, stand, electronic timer, metallic bob, leads) Meter rod Introduction Galileo first demonstrated that all objects, regardless of their mass or material, fall with the same acceleration […]
Find the wire area or sphere volume using a micrometer.
Experiment to find the wire area or sphere volume using a micrometer screw gauge with pitch, least count, and zero error correction. Apparatus Micrometer screw gauge Wire or metallic sphere Diagram Introduction The micrometer screw gauge is used to measure the thickness of very thin metal strips or the diameter of a sphere. It works […]
Determine cylinder volume using a Vernier caliper
Experiment with Vernier calipers to measure the length and diameter of a cylinder, apply zero error correction, and calculate its volume accurately. Apparatus Vernier calipers Solid cylinder Diagram: Point to Ponder Vernier calipers accurately measure lengths and diameters up to 10 mm. They consist of a rectangular steel bar, called the main scale, graduated in […]
Wavelength of sound in air and speed calculation.
Resonance tube experiment to determine the wavelength of sound and calculate its speed, considering end correction and the influence of temperature. Apparatus Resonance tube apparatus Two tuning forks of known frequency Plumb line Vernier calipers Rubber pad Thermometer Set of squares Pinch cork Beaker Observations Vernier Constant of Caliper: 0.01 cm Zero Correction of Caliper: […]
“Verify vibrating string laws by electromagnetic method.”
The sonometer experiment verifies string laws: frequency varies inversely with length, increases with tension, and decreases with mass per unit length. Verify the law of length. Verify the law of tension (F ∝ T). Verify the law of mass. Apparatus Sonometer Wires of different diameters Wedges Slotted weight set L-shaped permanent magnet 10-watt bulb Power […]